Which of the following factors does NOT shape an organization's culture?

Market trends are external factors influencing businesses but do not directly shape an organization's culture. Organizational culture is primarily influenced by internal elements and the environment within the organization itself.

The employment relationship, for instance, encompasses the dynamics between employees and employers, including expectations, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment, which are fundamental to forming a company's culture. Similarly, organizational structure defines how tasks are allocated and coordinated, which directly impacts communication patterns, authority, and social interactions among employees, influencing the overall culture.

Characteristics of organizational members, such as their values, beliefs, and behaviors, are also critical in shaping the culture, as they collectively contribute to the norms and practices within the organization. These elements work together to create a unique cultural environment that aligns with the organization's mission and vision. In contrast, while market trends can affect how an organization operates, they do not create or change its internal culture directly.