Which characteristic typically leads to an organization being more rigid and hierarchical?

Centralized authority is a characteristic that often leads to an organization being more rigid and hierarchical. In a centralized structure, decision-making is concentrated at the top levels of management, resulting in a clear chain of command and a formalized reporting structure. This hierarchy can create a system where lower levels of the organization have limited autonomy and fewer opportunities to contribute to decision-making processes.

As a result, employees may feel less empowered and more constrained by the established procedures and policies, which can stifle creativity and adaptability. This rigidity often means that the organization may struggle to respond to changes in its environment or adopt new practices, as all decisions must filter through upper management.

In contrast, other characteristics such as decentralization, a focus on innovation, or a collaborative culture tend to foster flexibility and responsiveness within organizations, allowing for more diverse input and quicker adaptation to changes. These traits encourage a more dynamic approach to management, empowering employees at various levels to take initiative and contribute to the organization's success.